Parabens

Parabens are a family of preservatives. Butylparaben is a confirmed endocrine disruptor on the EU’s ED List I. Some parabens are banned, others restricted.

What is it?

Parabens are esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid. Common types include methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, and isopropylparaben. They’ve been used as preservatives in cosmetics since the 1920s.

Where is it found?

Shampoos, conditioners, moisturisers, foundations, deodorants, and many personal care products. Check for any ingredient ending in ‘-paraben’ on the INCI list.

EU regulation

The EU banned 5 parabens in 2014 (isopropylparaben, isobutylparaben, phenylparaben, benzylparaben, pentylparaben). Propylparaben and butylparaben were restricted to 0.14% (as acid). Methylparaben and ethylparaben remain permitted at up to 0.4% individually or 0.8% combined. Butylparaben is on the REACH SVHC candidate list as a confirmed endocrine disruptor.

Should you worry?

The concern centres on their weak oestrogenic activity — they can mimic oestrogen in the body. Long-chain parabens (propyl, butyl) show stronger activity. Butylparaben is now confirmed as an endocrine disruptor by the EU. If you prefer to avoid them, look for ‘paraben-free’ products, but be aware that alternatives also have trade-offs.