Oxybenzone

Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3) is a chemical UV filter under EU investigation for endocrine disruption (ED List II & III). It’s also linked to coral reef damage.

What is it?

Oxybenzone is a benzophenone compound that absorbs UVA and UVB radiation. It’s one of the oldest and most widely used chemical sunscreen filters. It’s also used in plastics and packaging to prevent UV degradation.

Where is it found?

Sunscreens, lip balms, moisturisers with SPF, hair sprays, nail polish, and some food packaging. It’s one of the most commonly detected UV filters in human urine and blood samples.

EU regulation

Currently permitted in the EU at up to 6% concentration (Annex VI of EC 1223/2009). However, the SCCS issued an opinion in 2021 that it is not safe at 6% and recommended lowering the limit to 2.2%. The EU is reviewing whether to tighten restrictions. Oxybenzone appears on both ED List II (under EU investigation) and ED List III (flagged by national authorities).

Should you worry?

There’s growing evidence of hormonal activity — oxybenzone has been detected in breast milk, blood, and urine. It’s also toxic to coral reefs (banned in Hawaii, Palau, and parts of the Caribbean for reef protection). Consider mineral sunscreens (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) as alternatives, particularly for children and pregnant women.