Formaldehyde
A known carcinogen banned in EU cosmetics, but formaldehyde-releasers are still permitted under strict limits.
Formaldehyde is classified as a carcinogen and is banned as a direct ingredient in EU cosmetics. However, formaldehyde-releasing preservatives are still allowed under strict limits.
What is it?
Formaldehyde is a colourless, strong-smelling gas used historically as a preservative and disinfectant. It’s classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). In cosmetics, it appears either directly or via formaldehyde-releasing preservatives (FRPs) like DMDM hydantoin, imidazolidinyl urea, and quaternium-15.
Where is it found?
Hair straightening treatments (Brazilian blowouts), nail hardeners, some shampoos, body washes, and baby products. Formaldehyde-releasers are found in a wider range of products as preservatives.
EU regulation
Banned as a direct cosmetic ingredient in the EU. Formaldehyde-releasing preservatives are permitted but products must carry the warning ‘contains formaldehyde’ if the total concentration exceeds 0.05%. The maximum free formaldehyde allowed from releasers is 0.1% in oral products and 0.2% in other products.
Should you worry?
Formaldehyde is a known carcinogen and strong sensitiser. Even at low levels, it can cause allergic reactions and respiratory irritation. Hair salon workers exposed to keratin treatments are at particular risk. Check labels for DMDM hydantoin, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, and quaternium-15 — these all release formaldehyde over time.
Want to check your products?
Scan any ingredient list with EDScan and get instant results.
Download the App